Heart disease could be tied to dementia for older women

By Kathryn Doyle

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Older women with a cardiac history were more likely to develop cognitive problems than those without heart disease, in a new study.

Women who'd had a heart attack, in particular, were twice as likely to become impaired, researchers found.

Doctors had already suspected such a link existed, lead author Dr. Bernhard Haring told Reuters Health.

"But our study provides new evidence on a broad scale including many different types of heart disease with a specific focus on postmenopausal women," he said.

Haring is based at the Comprehensive Heart Failure Center at the University of Würzburg in Germany.

He and his colleagues used data from a long-term study of more than 6,000 women ages 65 to 79.

Researchers asked the women if they had ever been diagnosed with any heart problems. At baseline and once a year thereafter, they also administered a modified minimental state examination as well as neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric exams.

None of the women had thinking or memory problems at the outset. Close to 900 reported having heart disease.

About eight years later, more than 400 women showed signs of cognitive decline or dementia. Women who said they'd had heart disease were 29% more likely to have cognitive problems than those without heart disease.

Women who'd had a heart attack had the highest risk, the researchers reported online December 18 in the Journal of the American Heart Association.

Those with a history of bypass surgery or peripheral vascular disease were also at greater risk, Haring said.

But neither arrhythmia nor heart failure was linked to a decline in brain function.

Regardless of whether women had heart disease, those with high blood pressure and diabetes had a higher risk of cognitive decline. But no link was seen with obesity.

The new study is important because of the sheer number of women involved, Dr. Richard O'Brien said. He is chairman of Neurology at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland, and wasn't involved in the research.

Understanding the connection between heart disease and dementia is important because heart disease is reversible but Alzheimer's disease is not, O'Brien said.

"Given that the number of individuals suffering from dementia is increasing in all developed countries, it is important and necessary to first investigate the reasons of why this is happening and to identify those particularly at risk and second to find measures on how to prevent and treat affected individuals," Haring said.

An aging circulatory system could lead to worsening brain function in many ways, he said. Gradual buildup of plaque in the veins and arteries or inflammation may play a role, as could small bits of tissue death in the brain over time due to poor blood supply.

"Heart disease is more than just blocked arteries, it's an inflammatory process as well and also affects the turnover of brain endothelial cells, cerebrospinal fluid production . . . lots of things," O'Brien told Reuters Health in an email. "Which exactly is the most important nobody knows."

"Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and in particular diabetes should be managed adequately as these may provide a link between (heart disease) and worsening cognitive functioning over time," Haring said.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/1g6Brcc

J Am Heart Assoc 2013.

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