Meal Timing and Cardiometabolic Risk: What Does the Evidence Show?

In primary care practice, metabolic syndrome is encountered daily, often in patients with overlapping obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired fasting glucose. Although pharmacologic management remains central, modifiable behavioral patterns are increasingly important in risk reduction counseling. One commonly reported habit, skipping breakfast, has been examined in a recent meta-analysis of observational studies. How strong is the evidence linking breakfast omission to metabolic syndrome?

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